Kidney Stones
What Are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones are hard masses formed by the crystallization and accumulation of certain minerals in the urine. They are commonly caused by excess calcium oxalate, uric acid, or cystine. These stones can accumulate in the kidneys or urinary tract, causing pain, bleeding, and blockages.
What Causes Kidney Stones?
There are several possible causes of kidney stones. The most common include:
- Insufficient water intake: Not drinking enough water leads to concentrated urine, increasing the risk of stone formation.
- Dietary habits: High intake of salt, animal protein, and oxalate-rich foods increases the risk.
- Genetic predisposition: Individuals with a family history of kidney stones are at higher risk.
- Urinary tract infections: Frequent infections can lead to stone formation.
- Certain diseases: Conditions like gout, hyperparathyroidism, and metabolic disorders may trigger stone formation.
How Are Kidney Stones Treated?
Treatment depends on the size and location of the stone and the patient’s symptoms. Small stones can often pass naturally with plenty of water and pain medication. However, larger or persistent stones may require intervention.
1. Medication Therapy
Depending on the type of stone, medications that alkalize urine or prevent stone formation may be used. This is especially effective for uric acid stones.
2. ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)
Shock waves sent from outside the body break the stones into smaller pieces, allowing them to be passed through the urinary tract. Typically suitable for stones smaller than 2 cm.
3. Closed Kidney Stone Surgery (Endoscopic Methods)
Modern methods preferred for larger or ESWL-resistant stones. Two main types:
- URS (Ureteroscopy): A thin endoscope is inserted through the urinary canal, and the stone is broken with a laser and removed.
- PNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy): A small incision is made in the lower back to reach the kidney. The stone is broken with special tools and removed.
Advantages of Closed Kidney Stone Surgery
Closed surgical methods offer several advantages over traditional open surgery. These procedures are performed in our hospital. Advantages include:
- Minimally invasive: No large skin incisions, resulting in less pain and faster recovery.
- Short hospital stay: Discharge is usually within 1–2 days.
- Aesthetic benefit: No prominent surgical scars.
- Lower complication risk: Reduced risk of infection and bleeding.
- Quick return to daily life: Patients can resume normal activities shortly.
Kidney stones can seriously impact quality of life. However, with modern closed surgical techniques, they can be effectively and comfortably treated. Closed kidney stone surgeries are performed at Çankaya Yaşam Hospital in Ankara.
To maintain a healthy life, it’s important to drink plenty of water, eat a balanced diet, and have regular checkups. If you frequently suffer from kidney stones, you should consult a urology specialist to explore appropriate treatment options.