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Causes and Treatment of Persistent (Chronic) Cough

Chronic cough is a condition that persists for a long time and may indicate various health problems. A cough lasting 4–8 weeks or more is considered a “chronic cough.” Persistent cough affects daily life and can be a symptom of underlying health issues. The causes of chronic cough are diverse, and treatment depends on the underlying cause.

Causes of Chronic Cough?

Chronic cough can have multiple causes:

1. Allergic Reactions: Allergies, particularly to pollen, dust mites, and pet dander, can trigger allergic coughs, especially during seasonal changes or in allergen-rich environments.

2. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): GERD occurs when stomach acid reaches the esophagus. Coughing tends to worsen after eating, consuming fatty foods, or lying down.

3. Infections: Upper respiratory infections (common cold, flu) usually cause short-term coughs but can sometimes become chronic. Bacterial infections, lung infections, or bronchitis may cause prolonged coughing.

4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chronic bronchitis and COPD are common among smokers and those exposed to air pollution. This disease causes airway inflammation and narrowing. A phlegmy cough is a hallmark symptom.

5. Asthma: Asthma involves airway inflammation and narrowing. Coughing is frequent and tends to worsen at night or during exercise. Asthmatic coughs are often associated with phlegm production.

6. Alcohol or Smoking: Both smoking and alcohol irritate the respiratory tract, contributing to chronic coughing. Smokers often have a phlegmy cough in the morning. Smoke can also worsen asthma and bronchitis.

7. Medication Use (ACE Inhibitors): Certain medications, especially ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure, can trigger coughing as a side effect.

8. Sinusitis: Sinusitis often causes nasal congestion, headaches, and coughs, which can persist for an extended period.

9. Cancer: Diseases such as lung or esophageal cancer can lead to persistent coughing. Chronic cough can be an early warning sign of cancer and tends to worsen as the disease progresses.

Kronik ÖksürükTreatment of Chronic Cough
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Treatment depends on correctly diagnosing the underlying cause. After a diagnosis by a Pulmonologist, various treatment methods can be applied depending on the cause.

1. Medication

  • Asthma treatment: Usually involves inhalers, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators.
  • Antibiotics: Necessary if the cough is due to a bacterial infection.
  • Allergy medications: Antihistamines and nasal sprays can help relieve allergic coughs.
  • GERD treatment: Proton pump inhibitors or antacids may reduce GERD-related coughing.

2. Lifestyle Changes

  • Avoid smoking: Quitting smoking can alleviate cough and improve conditions like bronchitis.
  • Avoid allergens and dust: Minimizing exposure at home can prevent allergic coughs.
  • Increase fluid intake: Drinking plenty of water helps thin mucus and ease coughing.

Chronic cough can be a symptom of various health issues and, if untreated, can seriously impact quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent disease progression and support a healthier life. If your cough persists for an extended period, consult a specialist without delay.